Earth and many other celestial bodies revolves around the sun ,but have you thought WHY???
It can be said that it is the reaction of the earth against sun's gravitational force preventing it from falling into the massive sun.It can be said as the earth's method to resist the intense gravitational force of the sun by increasing it's velocity and there by increasing the centrifugal force acting and keeping it in an equilibrium.
It can be explained with the help of General relativity.Sun is a massive body and so it bends the space time.Earth is like a ball falling into a funnel , the funnel here is bended space-time.Like the ball,earth falls down the funnel(bended space-time) eventually causing this revolutionary motion.
You don't want to fear that the earth will fall into the sun .Before the sun will already swallow the earth because of it's transition into a red giant.
Gravitational waves are waves travelling through the space time,which was predicted by Albert Einstein in his Theories of relativity.The most simply, it can be defined as the ripples in space time due to movements of massive celestial bodies such as Binary Pulsar system or black holes revolving around each other.
The Newtonian model of the universe does not predict waves through space time ,as the model believes in an absolute system.
But the relativity do.It has been found possible with mathematical formulations,but never has been found experimentally .Any way researches are going on with experiments to detect these waves with the help of complex machines like the one at LIGO.
The flat earth theory is the most interesting example that how common sense can mislead mankind.But this theory could be proved wrong just by seeing things with the eyes of science even with out using high tech machines.
Good observation is all you need to find the truth.Some simple ways are listed below.
Phases of moon
When we observes the different phases of moon we will be able to see the shadow of earth on it.If you observe it carefully you can see that the shadow is curved.This is the first proof that the earth is round.
The horizon
If you ever goes to a beach observe the horizon from the beach ,you will see that the horizon looks curved .This is the second proof.
The travel
If you travel from any part of the earth in a straight path you will reach the same spot from were you have started your journey.
The picture from space
The images of earth taken from outer space are the latest evidence that the earth is round.
Time can be defined as 'the duration of an action' in classic physics & as a 'part of space-time in modern physics'.Time leaves some unanswered questions to us.For example ,
Was there a beginning of time?
Could time run backwards?
Did time is just a property of energetic particles ?
Can we travel through time?
The big bang theory suggests that time beginned 'after' it.
(there is a possible arise of question on the word AFTER, as its a word for representing time.But AFTER/BEFORE are words used for comparing an event with actual time).
Some scientists and also theories like 'Quasi Steady State theory' had suggested that time existed even before big bang and big bang is just a usual phenomenon on the universe.
Some people even suggests that "there was a big bang even before the original big bang and hence there was a universe before the present universe & that universe crunched(the cosmological term is BIG CRUNCH) and then expanded into our current universe & our present universe may once again undergo big crunch were time&space may end or reemerge as a new , young universe "
[video based edition for easy understanding of the complex]
To know this better you must know more about special theory of relativity.Watch this video to know ......
So simply special theory of relativity suggests that time runs slower to a moving object than a stationary object.Also time runs slower to an object subjected to gravitational force.
There for if we travel at very high velocity or if we get subjected to high gravitational force,time runs slower to us than the normal universe so when we get free of the high gravitational force or high velocity we will have came years into the future .More methods can be found on the provided video.
Also the special theory of relativity comes in action in case of everyday objects such as a magnet.
Motion is defined as the change in position of a body with respect to its surrounding.
Motion is classified as one dimensional ,two dimensional & three dimensional in the basis of number of reference points.
One dimensional motion only needs an axis[x,y or z] to be represented.For example,a freely falling body.
In two dimensional motion, it requires two axes to represent motion.For example, motion of objects moving in a plane.
In three dimensional motion, it requires three axes to represent motion , motion of objects through space.The motion of a roller coaster is it's example.
We know that plants uses carbon(in the form of carbon dioxide) to carry out photosynthesis.But they also absorbs a radio active form of carbon dioxide, which is continuously created in the earth's atmosphere due to the collision of cosmic rays with carbon dioxide molecules.When animals eat plants it enters in their bodies and cycles all over the food chain .The radio active carbon or radiocarbon stays on the plant or animal body,even when they are dead,but under go radioactive decay with time.By calculating the percentage of radio carbon in a piece of old wood or fragment of bone scientist can know the age of organic substances.
Humans have their own unique finger prints, like wise elements have their own unique spectrographic finger prints.This means that when an electromagnetic wave[for example,light] is absorbed by an element,it will emit a wave back with another spectrum.
Scientists now have the spectrum of almost all the elements & compounds,which when compared with the light spectrum of a star allows scientists to understand the composition of a distant star.
This question is one that confused the greatest minds of modern physics& lead to discussions & debates between scientists which is going on even now.
Some scientists like Newton suggested that it was wave while others considered it as a particle.
Wave form of light is explained as the interaction of electrical & magnetic waves & is hence known as an electromagnetic wave.The particle form of light is known as photon & is originally packets of wave energy.
It is now found that, the form at which light appears is relative to the observer.There for modern physics consider it as a
Humans and some other apes are lucky enough to have multi colour vision.This has to deal with human evolution .Biologically our ancestors are pre-historic monkeys & they used to eat fruits.With black and white vision they were unable to understand which fruit was ripe and which was not ,so our eyes evolved to have red cone cells to make us aware. Plants also gained with this as, after this only mature fruits was eaten by our ancestors and there for seeds were not wasted.
also view this video[it's interesting]
Now food industry is exploiting this biological mechanism by packing their products in red packets as it will make their consumers hungry. You may have also noticed that operation theatres of hospitals and some equipments there, including a surgeon's mask are of green colour.This is because green colour increases concentration of surgeons & also it reduces the stress of patience.Yellow is the most 'happiest' colour, so most of our pencils are yellow .
It is one of the greatest mystery in the history of space science .People who really care about these things are called cosmologists .
This question had been influenced by even religions in time ,which finally lead to the concept that god is the creator .But science step forwards other theories to explain it .One of it is steady state theory which says that the universe is constant (but this was proved wrong as the universe is expanding ) .Then came another theory,the big bang which was the product of the discovery that the universe was expanding . It came to origin from the conclusion that if the universe is expanding then it have originated from point in space time,it can be further explained as it was created from a curvature in space time or the whole fabric of space &time was curved.You can understand this well in the above video.
Now some physicist are proposing another theory called the standard model & researches are going on under CERN on this theory(you may have heard about their famous laboratory in Geneva called the LHC)
Most people thinks that earth is spherical in shape ,but it is not .It have a geoid shape .
Our planet has this shape due to the centrifugal forces formed due to it's rotatory motion.The north & south poles are flat & it's equatorial region is projected outwards .
This shape is what that makes the equatorial regions warmer than poles.
The matter is defined as, any object which has mass & volume.Also matter attract each other due to the gravitational force which is the resultant of it's mass(as per the universal law of gravity ).
So,this means that the gravitational force of a body is dependent/proportional/relative to the mass of the body.This is universal & there fore must be applicable to everything in this universe.
But this seem to be wrong in case of some objects like a galactic cluster.The gravitational pull of the object is much more than it need to be when ,this predicts that the excess mass is given by some unseen/hidden/invisible/dark matter which is not responding to any light rays(electromagnetic radiation) which makes it impossible to detect it directly.
Some even suggests the dark matter is the interaction of matter in another dimensions/parallel universes.
Water is one of the most important factor supporting life.But now we are polluting water sources,so that it is even predicted that the 3rd world war will be for fresh water.
Now the world has accepted the concept of virtual water.Virtual water is a concept that,if fresh water used(wasted) for making a product is more than the value of the product,then its loss of water for the nation.
Due to this,many car manufacturing companies are choosing poor/developing nations for establishing their factories,where there is no restriction/awareness of using(wasting)fresh water.
Some nations are even resisting it's citizen from cultivating water fond crops such as cotton & rice because of its loss of virtual water.Also, in some countries the cost of imported crops are very high because they are buying virtual water along with the product.
Its one of the most frequently asked question in the world and it's also impossible now to give an exact answer .
Most people believes that extraterrestrials do exist,but there is no proof that they exist or not.Also scientifically ,there is a large possibility for their existence .An argument is that there are millions of galaxies in the universe & each galaxy has over a billion stars & stars have celestial bodies revolving around it.As there is a lot of objects like this,the probability of the existence of intelligent life forms also increases. SETI(Search for extraterrestrial intelligence ) is an organization researching in this field .
YOU CAN ALSO BE A PART OF THIS SEARCH BY DONATING SOME SPACE FROM YOUR SYSTEM'S HARDISK TO SETI@HOME.OR YOU CAN HELP ASTONOMERS ANALYSE DATA FROM SPACE ON ZOONIVERSE
It is the world famous equation of Albert Einstein .
Here E is energy , m is mass and c is the velocity of light .
This equation is a proof that energy and matter are two sides of the same coin.
This equation gave man ,access to the tremendous energy of matter.
This equation also suggests that nothing can overtake the velocity of light.
But E=mc^2 is not complete.It only expresses the mass of a particle at rest.The real equation is that,
E = (mc^2)+(pc)^2 ;where p is the momentum of the object.When the particle is at rest we will get the equation E=mc^2.
Also the proof of the equation is in the above video.
It's almost practically impossible stuff,but our minds are free to explore them all.
oh!! you superman..
that doesn't feel impossible!!!
Imagine if you've made the crazy tunnel(gravity train) we were talking(i meant 'communicating'') about and you leaped into it.what would you think will happen :will you explode,reach extreme speeds ,will you be kidnapped by some crazy aliens;Let's explore.
First of all,,as you jump you will keep accelerating at 9.80665 m/sec^2(g).later as you go deeper your velocity as well as your rate of acceleration with respect to time (jerk) as given by the equation ;(where is the mass of the larger body, and is a unit vector directed from the large mass to the smaller mass. The negative sign indicates that the force is an attractive force)
As you reaches the centre of the earth the velocity will be maximum and the velocity goes on decreasing and the gravitational acceleration goes on increasing and the same thing all around .The process will continue infinite times when not considering the loss of energy of any forms.Just like a perfect spring system.
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